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The history of South Asia is complicated, often marked by violence and bloodshed. Its diverse landscape encompasses a number of different cultures, languages, religions, ethnic groups, and political systems. South Asia has some of the oldest civilizations in the world. When it comes to the present-day countries comprising South Asia today, there are several key geographic features that make knowing these locations easier. India is one of these regions that can be difficult to categorize. There are a variety of different regions which seem to be connected, but it is still difficult to make a direct connection between all of them. The country of India lies on the Indian subcontinent, and contains several different states and territories. The two main ones are divided by the Himalayas: India and Pakistan. The Indus River flows through Pakistan, and the Ganges and the Brahmaputra river flow through India. The country has no clearly defined boundaries until it reaches its mountain ranges, making those geographical features important as well. It lies due south of Pakistan, which lies due north of Tibet and Nepal, all three countries sharing similar geographic features such as mountains and rivers. The countries in South Asia share several geographic elements. The Himalayas run along the eastern portion of Afghanistan, and into northern India and Nepal. This mountain range separates several countries from one another, creating a natural barrier between them. The Hindu Kush mountains also run through Afghanistan and Pakistan. These two mountain ranges create similar barriers for these countries as well. North of India lies the Tibetan plateau, a huge geographical expanse of land that is home to the capital city of Tibet, Lhasa. It also includes portions of China's provinces of Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu and parts of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. There are a number of ancient and historical sites in India and Nepal. The country is home to the Taj Mahal in Agra, the Red Fort in Delhi and the ancient city of Varanasi. There are also many other ancient temples and religious sites in these two countries. On the border between India and Pakistan lies one of the oldest cities in South Asia: Lahore. It is an ancient city, with roots dating back to at least 1000 BC. It is home to several long-standing mosques, such as Wazir Khan Mosque and Badshahi Mosque. These two mosques were built hundreds of years ago by Mughal emperors. The Kashmir region is home to a number of important landmarks. It is known for its beautiful lakes, which include Dal, Manasbal and Wular. Rani Tal, also known as the Queen's Lake, is a popular birdwatching destination that offers a direct view of the Himalayas. The cities of Kashmir are filled with historical sites as well. The Martand Sun Temple in Anantnag contains carvings dating back to 700 AD. In Srinigar lies the Shah Hamdan Mosque, built by the last ruler of the Mughal Dynasty in 1670 AD. There are also several museums featuring local artwork and other historical items from throughout India and Pakistan. http://www. cfa1e77820
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